Exosome-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics: Revolutionizing Precision Oncology and Liquid Biopsy
What Are Exosome-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics? Understanding the Future of Precision Oncology Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles naturally released by almost all human cells, including cancer cells. Although they measure only 30–150 nanometers in diameter, these microscopic particles play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication by transporting proteins, DNA, RNA, microRNAs, lipids, and other bioactive molecules throughout the body. In oncology, exosomes have emerged as one of the most promising biomarkers for precision medicine because they carry molecular information that accurately reflects the biological characteristics of the original tumor. Unlike traditional tissue biopsies, which require invasive surgical procedures and provide only a single snapshot of a tumor, exosome-based technologies enable continuous and minimally invasive monitoring through simple blood, urine, or saliva samples. As cancer progresses, tumor-derived exosomes continuously circulat...